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a Environmental
Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Policy, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK, b Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,
Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG,
UK
Correspondence to: Professor P Elliott
Received 23 July 1996; Returned to authors 15 October 1996; Revised version received 19 August 1999; Accepted for publication 6 September 1999
BACKGROUND
Evidence
for an association between road traffic pollution and asthma is
inconclusive. We report a case-control study of hospital admissions for
asthma and respiratory illness among children aged 5-14 in relation to
proxy markers of traffic related pollution.
METHODSThe study was
based on routine hospital admissions data in 1992/3 and 1993/4 for
North Thames (West) health region within the M25 motorway. Cases were
defined as emergency admissions for asthma (n = 1380) or all
respiratory illness including asthma (n = 2131), and controls (n = 5703) were other emergency admissions excluding accidents. Cases and
controls were compared with respect to distance of residence from
nearest main road or roads with peak hour traffic >1000 vehicles and
traffic volume within 150 m of residence, obtained by Geographical
Information System techniques. Statistical analysis included adjustment
for age, sex, admitting hospital, and a deprivation score for the
census enumeration district of residence.
RESULTSAdjusted odds
ratios of hospital admission for asthma and respiratory illness for
children living within 150 m of a main road compared with those living
further away were, respectively, 0.93 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.06) and 1.02 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.14).
CONCLUSIONSThis study
showed no association between risk of hospital admission for asthma or
respiratory illness among children aged 5-14 and proxy markers of road
traffic pollution.
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